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OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerp rint of decoction pi eces and dispensing granules of Gardenia jasminoides ，to determine the contents of 6 components，so as to evaluate its quality combined with chemical pattern recognition. METHODS High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）was used. Using geniposide as the reference ，Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM （2012 edition）was used to draw the fingerprints of 20 batches of G. jasminoides decoction pieces and 10 batches of G. jasminoides dispensing granules. Similarity evaluation and common peaks identification were conducted. The same HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester ，geniposide， picrocrocin，rutin，crocin-Ⅰ and crocin- Ⅱ. ORIGIN 9.1 software was used for hierarchical clustering analysis ，and SIMCA 16.0 software was used for principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The differential components affecting the quality of decoction pieces and dispensing granules were screened by taking the variable importance in projection（VIP）value＞1 as the standard. RESULTS There were 24 common peaks for both 20 batches of G. jasminoides decoction piece and 10 batches of G. jasminoides dispensing granules ；a total of 22 common peaks were found in the fingerprints of 30 batches of samples ，and the similarity was not lower than 0.96；six common peaks were identified ，i.e. deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester （peak 2），geniposide（peak 6），picrocrocin（peak 9），rutin（peak 11），crocin-Ⅰ（peak 15），crocin-Ⅱ（peak 17）. Average contents of above 6 components in G. jasminoides decoction pieces were 1.04，57.00，1.30，1.03，9.63 and 0.99 mg/g， respectively；those of G. jasmin oides dispensing granules were 0.96，17.04，0.37，0.27，0.73 and 0.04 mg/g，respectively. PCA results showed that G. jasminoides decoction pieces and G. jasminoides dispensing granules were clustered into respective one category ，which was consistent with results of cluster analysis. There were 9 common peaks with VIP value ＞1， which were 16，14，3，17（crocin-Ⅱ），15（crocin-Ⅰ），18， 22， 2 （deacetyl asperulosidic acid methyl ester） and 21. CONCLUSIONS The estab lished fingerprint and content determination method are simple and reproducible. Combined with chemical pattern recognition ，it can be used to evaluate the quality of decoction pieces and dispensing granules of G. jasminoides . Nine corresponding components represented by peak 16 and so on are the differential components that affect the quality of them.
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Objective To study the effect of sand therapy on the hemodynamics of flexural femoral artery, and further reveal the therapeutic mechanism of sand therapy from the perspective of hemodynamics. Methods The three-dimensional finite element model of the curved femoral artery was established based on CT images of human aorta, and the data of heart rate, peak blood flow velocity and inner diameter of femoral artery measured by the experiment were used as initial conditions and boundary conditions to carry out finite element numerical simulation. The blood flow velocity, pressure and wall shear stress before and after sand therapy were analyzed and compared under fluid-solid coupling condition. Results Compared with treatment before sand therapy, the longitudinal velocity of the flexural segment of blood vessel increased significantly, with an increase of 22.76%. The secondary reflux velocity decreased significantly, with a relative decrease of 18.26%. The wall shear stress decreased by 2.01% after sand therapy. Conclusions Sand therapy had a significant effect on blood fluidity, by improving blood flow of femoral arteries, and preventing deposition of arterial platelets. The transverse flow phenomenon was obviously weakened after sand therapy, which could avoid the deposition of substances in blood and had a positive effect on the prevention of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and other vascular diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of sand therapy on the hemodynamics of flexural femoral artery, and further reveal the therapeutic mechanism of sand therapy from the perspective of hemodynamics. Methods The three-dimensional finite element model of the curved femoral artery was established based on CT images of human aorta, and the data of heart rate, peak blood flow velocity and inner diameter of femoral artery measured by the experiment were used as initial conditions and boundary conditions to carry out finite element numerical simulation. The blood flow velocity, pressure and wall shear stress before and after sand therapy were analyzed and compared under fluid-solid coupling condition. Results Compared with treatment before sand therapy, the longitudinal velocity of the flexural segment of blood vessel increased significantly, with an increase of 22.76%. The secondary reflux velocity decreased significantly, with a relative decrease of 18.26%. The wall shear stress decreased by 2.01% after sand therapy. Conclusions Sand therapy had a significant effect on blood fluidity, by improving blood flow of femoral arteries, and preventing deposition of arterial platelets. The transverse flow phenomenon was obviously weakened after sand therapy, which could avoid the deposition of substances in blood and had a positive effect on the prevention of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and other vascular diseases.
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Objective To establish the quality standard of Fufang-Shiwu-Zhixue powder. Methods The microscopical identification was adopted to analyze charred typha pollen and cuttlebone. TLC was used to identity rhubarb and radix notoginseng. UV-HPLC was used to determine the contents of notoginsenosides R1, ginsenosides Rg 1, ginsenosides Rb1. Results Microscopic identifications shower the characteristics of harred typha pollen and cuttlebone. The identified characteristics of rhubarb and radix notoginseng by TLC were distinct and the spots were clear. Notoginsenosides R1, ginsenosides Rg 1, ginsenosides Rb1 showed good linearity in the range of 0.16-1.58 μg (r=0.9998), 0.58-5.81 μg (r=0.9999), 0.33-3.29 μg (r=1.0000), respervtively.The average recoveries were 98.51% (RSD=1.81%), 97.80% (RSD=2.04%), 98.22%(RSD=1.45%). Conclusions The method is accurate, simple and repeatable, which could be used for the quality control of Fufang-Shiwu-Zhixue powder.
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Objective To establish the quality control ofBaiduyin syrup.Methods The TLC was used to identity Radix paeoniae rubra, Radix Scutellariae. The quantitative determination of baicalin and buddleoside was completed by HPLC.Results The spots on TLC plates were distinct and high resolution. Compared with the negative samples, the contrast medicinal materials or control products showed that there were no spots of the same color in the corresponding position. The linear ranges of baicalin and buddleoside were 0.2179-2.1790 μg (r2=0.999 9), 0.1319-1.3190 μg (r2=0.999 7). TheRSD were 1.51% and 2.01%. Conclusions The established quality control method is simple, accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the quality control ofBaiduyin syrup.
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Objective To establish the quality standard ofQizhu-Fuzheng Yin, and to conduct a preliminary study on its stability.Methods Corydalis tuber and licorice were identified by TLC. The content of astragaloside was determined by UPLC-ELSD. The initial stability was studied by accelerated test method. Results The spots on TLC plates were clear without interference in the blank reference. The response of astragaloside was linear in the ranges of 36.5-365.0 μg/ml (r2=0.999 2), and the average recovery was 102.8 %, and theRSD was 2.4%. After 1, 2, 3, 6 months tests, the average contents of 3 batches astragaloside were 61.6, 60.4, 60.6μg/ml.ConclusionQizhu-Fuzheng Yin was simple preparation, quality control and stability.
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Objective To study the different extraction methods for the content of tanshinoneⅡA in water decocted Radix Salviae Miltiorrhiza, in order to develop comprehensive utilization of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Method Tanshinone ⅡA was extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid and compared with ultrasonic extraction. Result When the extraction pressure was 35 MPa, extraction temperature was 40 ℃, extraction time was 2 h and entrainer (ethanol) was 100 %, the yields of the tanshinone ⅡA was up to 3.87 mg, while the ultrasonic extraction was 2.89 mg. Conclusion TanshinoneⅡA extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid was better than ultrasonic extraction and had higher purity. The comprehensive utilization of Salvia miltiorrhiza is available.